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Falls and Diabetes
Posted: 5-26-2010
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 15,800 older adults died in 2005 from injuries sustained during a fall. One third of those over the age of 65 will sustain a fall within the next year. Yet, falling is not part of the “normal” aging process. So, why do so many aging people fall? Older adults frequently have chronic illnesses such as heart disease, stroke, vision trouble and diabetes which increase the risk of falling. Additionally, as we age we experience weakness from inactivity, medication side effects, in-home dangers and psychological changes. All of these factors combine to increase the risk of falls.
For example, health problems that lead to falls can be seen in those diagnosed with diabetes. Changes in blood sugar can cause blurred vision, muscle weakness/fatigue, numbness in the hands and feet and dizziness. Many medications given for management of diabetes have side effects of dizziness, abnormal heartbeats and weakness. In-home dangers such as stairs, throw rugs, cords and low lighting become more dangerous in the presence of weakness and vision problems. Chronic illness and limited activity lead to depression, which is managed with more medications and often promotes more inactivity. It is no wonder a study of falls in older adults determined that those who have diabetes are 25% more likely than other older adults to sustain a fall (Schiller, 2007).
Being aware of these risk factors and taking steps to stop or reverse this downward cycle can reduce the risk of falls and improve quality of life. Maintaining blood glucose levels is imperative in reducing symptoms such as dizziness, blurred vision and muscle weakness/fatigue. Consult with your health professional for advice in controlling blood glucose levels and information regarding diet. Ask your health professional or pharmacist to review your medications on a yearly basis to reduce side effects and adverse interactions. Combat muscle weakness/fatigue with regular exercise. Seek advice from a Physical Therapist for assessment of your strength, walking pattern, balance and posture. Following an assessment, your therapist will recommend an appropriate exercise program to prevent falls and injury. Occupational Therapists can also assess your home for hazards that can increase risk of falls and make suggestions to increase safety in the home. Such suggestions can include use of hand rails, increased lighting, placing a phone in each room, use of an emergency call system, increasing pathway width and securing flooring. Prevent falls due to poor vision with annual eye exams. For someone who is a diabetic, proper footwear and foot care is an essential part of safe mobility. Consult your foot care specialist regarding foot care and fall prevention. Finally, combat decline in mental status by staying active in hobbies and other leisure interests.
Being proactive in the prevention of falls is imperative, especially if the risk of falls is heightened by chronic illness. Seek the help of your health professionals and discuss your concerns with your family and loved ones. For more information on fall prevention visit our website: www.fallpreventiontaskforce.org or call 513-946-7807.
